Getting your pup on the right vaccine schedule is one of the best things you can do to keep them safe from nasty, sometimes deadly diseases. It all kicks off around 6–8 weeks old, with booster shots every 3–4 weeks until they hit 16–20 weeks. After that, you’re looking at annual or triennial boosters, depending on the vaccine. Core shots like rabies and distemper? Non-negotiable for every dog. Non-core vaccines? Those depend on where you live and how your dog lives — think hiking in the woods versus hanging out on the couch.
Dog vaccination schedule: The standard dog vaccination schedule starts at 6–8 weeks with the first DHPP (distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvovirus) shot. Boosters are given every 3–4 weeks until 16–20 weeks old. Rabies is given at 12–16 weeks. A booster at 1 year, then every 1–3 years depending on the vaccine. Non-core
Quick Answer: What is the Standard Dog Vaccination Schedule by Age?
The standard dog vaccination schedule starts at 6–8 weeks with the first DHPP (distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza, parvovirus) shot. Boosters are given every 3–4 weeks until 16–20 weeks old. Rabies is given at 12–16 weeks. A booster at 1 year, then every 1–3 years depending on the vaccine. Non core vaccines (leptospirosis, Bordetella, Lyme) follow a similar initial series if needed.
For a complete guide on this topic, see the Ultimate Guide To Dog Health.
What Core Vaccines Does Every Puppy Need?
Core vaccines are those recommended for all dogs by veterinary organizations like the American Veterinary Medical Association (AVMA) and American Animal Hospital Association (AAHA). These protect against diseases that are highly contagious, severe, or pose a public health risk.
DHPP (Distemper, Hepatitis, Parainfluenza, Parvovirus)
The DHPP combination vaccine is the backbone of your puppy’s protection. Distemper attacks the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and nervous systems and is often fatal. Parvovirus causes severe vomiting and bloody diarrhea, killing puppies within 48–72 hours without treatment. Hepatitis affects the liver and kidneys, while parainfluenza contributes to kennel cough.
Puppies receive the first DHPP at 6–8 weeks, then every 3–4 weeks until 16–20 weeks of age. A booster is given at 1 year, then every 3 years thereafter. This schedule ensures your puppy develops immunity before exposure to these viruses.
Rabies Vaccine
Rabies is nearly 100% fatal once symptoms appear and is a zoonotic disease, meaning it can transmit to humans. The first rabies vaccine is given at 12–16 weeks of age, with a booster at 1 year. After that, boosters are required every 1–3 years depending on your state or local laws. Many jurisdictions mandate rabies vaccination by law, so check your local regulations.
Pro Tip: Schedule your puppy’s first rabies shot for the same visit as their 12-16 week DHPP booster. This reduces trips to the vet and ensures you don’t miss either vaccine.
Which Non Core Vaccines Should My Dog Get?
Non core vaccines are recommended based on your dog’s lifestyle, environment, and geographic location. Your veterinarian will help you decide which ones are necessary based on factors like boarding frequency, hiking habits, and local disease prevalence.
Leptospirosis Vaccine
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection spread through the urine of infected wildlife (rats, raccoons, deer). It can cause kidney and liver failure in dogs and is zoonotic. Dogs that swim in ponds, drink from puddles, or live in rural or suburban areas with wildlife exposure are at higher risk. The vaccine requires an initial two shot series 2–4 weeks apart, then annual boosters.
Bordetella (Kennel Cough) Vaccine
Bordetella bronchiseptica is a primary cause of kennel cough, a highly contagious respiratory infection. The vaccine is given intranasally, orally, or by injection. Most boarding facilities, doggy daycares, and training classes require proof of Bordetella vaccination. Protection begins within 3–5 days for the intranasal form and lasts 6–12 months.
Canine Influenza (H3N2 and H3N8) Vaccine
Canine influenza is a relatively new respiratory virus in dogs. Outbreaks occur in areas with high dog populations, such as shelters, boarding kennels, and dog parks. The vaccine requires an initial two shot series 2–4 weeks apart, then annual boosters. It reduces the severity of illness but does not prevent infection entirely.
Lyme Disease Vaccine
Lyme disease is transmitted by deer ticks and is most common in the Northeast, upper Midwest, and Pacific Northwest. The vaccine is recommended for dogs living in or traveling to endemic areas. It requires an initial two shot series, then annual boosters. Even vaccinated dogs should continue using tick prevention products.
Pro Tip: Ask your vet about titer testing for core vaccines after your dog reaches adulthood. Titer tests measure antibody levels and can help determine if a booster is truly needed, potentially avoiding over-vaccination.
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How Does the Adult Dog Vaccination Schedule Differ from Puppies?
Once your dog completes their initial puppy series and receives their 1-year booster, the schedule shifts to a maintenance phase. Adult dogs generally receive core vaccines every 3 years, while non core vaccines require annual boosters.
Core Vaccines for Adult Dogs
After the 1-year booster, DHPP and rabies are typically given every 3 years. Some states require annual rabies vaccination, but most now accept the 3-year vaccine. Always confirm with your veterinarian and check local laws. If your dog misses a booster by more than 1–2 years, your vet may recommend restarting the series.
Non Core Vaccines for Adult Dogs
Leptospirosis, Bordetella, canine influenza, and Lyme vaccines all require annual boosters. For dogs that are only occasionally exposed (e.g., boarding once a year), some vets recommend giving Bordetella 1–2 weeks before the event. Leptospirosis and Lyme vaccines are often given seasonally in some regions, but annual protection is the standard recommendation.
Pro Tip: Keep a digital or printed vaccine record card for your dog. Boarding facilities, groomers, and dog parks frequently ask for proof of vaccination, and having it ready saves time and stress.
What Happens If I Miss a Vaccination Booster?
Missing a booster by a few weeks is usually not a problem, but delays of several months or more can leave your dog vulnerable. The exact protocol depends on how much time has passed since the last vaccine.
Short Delays (Up to 4–6 Weeks)
If your dog is late by a month or less, your veterinarian will likely give the booster as scheduled. No restart of the series is needed. The immune system’s memory response is still strong enough to mount a protective response.
Long Delays (Over 6 Weeks for Core Vaccines)
For core vaccines like DHPP and rabies, a delay of more than 6 weeks may require restarting the series. Your vet will assess your dog’s risk based on age, health status, and exposure history. For non core vaccines like leptospirosis, a delay of more than 6 weeks typically means restarting the two shot series.
What to Do After a Missed Booster
Schedule a vet appointment immediately. Your veterinarian will review your dog’s vaccination history and recommend the safest path forward. In the meantime, avoid high risk situations like dog parks, boarding facilities, or areas with known wildlife exposure until your dog is fully protected again.
Are There Any Risks or Side Effects of Dog Vaccines?
Vaccines are extremely safe, and the benefits far outweigh the risks. However, as with any medical procedure, side effects can occur. Most are mild and resolve within 24–48 hours.
Common Mild Side Effects
These include lethargy, mild fever, reduced appetite, and soreness at the injection site. Some dogs experience a small lump at the injection site, which usually disappears within a few weeks. Intranasal vaccines may cause sneezing or mild nasal discharge for a day or two.
Serious Reactions (Rare)
Allergic reactions, including facial swelling, hives, vomiting, or difficulty breathing, occur in less than 1 in 10,000 vaccinated dogs. These typically happen within minutes to hours after vaccination. If you notice any of these signs, contact your veterinarian immediately. Some breeds, like Dachshunds and Pugs, may have a slightly higher risk of vaccine reactions, but vaccination is still recommended.
Pro Tip: Schedule vaccinations in the morning so you can monitor your dog for any reactions during the day. If your dog has had a previous vaccine reaction, ask your vet about pre treating with antihistamines or using a split vaccination protocol.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I vaccinate my puppy myself at home?
No, it is not recommended. Only a licensed veterinarian should administer vaccines, as they can properly assess your puppy’s health, store vaccines correctly, and handle any adverse reactions. Home vaccination also leaves no official record for boarding or legal requirements.
How much does a full dog vaccination schedule cost?
Initial puppy series (3–4 visits) typically costs $150–$300 at a private vet. Low cost clinics may charge $50–$100 for the series. Rabies vaccine is often $15–$30, and annual boosters range from $50–$100 per visit. Prices vary by location and clinic type.
Do indoor only dogs need vaccines?
Yes. Core vaccines like rabies and distemper are still recommended because these viruses can be brought into your home on shoes, clothing, or through other pets. Rabies is also legally required in most areas, regardless of indoor status.
What is the difference between 1-year and 3-year rabies vaccines?
Both vaccines contain the same active ingredients. The 3-year vaccine has a different label approved by the USDA for a longer duration of immunity. Your vet will choose based on your state’s laws and your dog’s needs. The 1-year vaccine is often used for the first dose.
Can my puppy go outside before completing their vaccination series?
Yes, but with caution. Avoid dog parks, pet stores, and areas frequented by unknown dogs. Your backyard, if free of unvaccinated animals, is safe. Socialization is still critical, so arrange playdates with fully vaccinated, healthy dogs.
What vaccines do senior dogs need?
Senior dogs should continue receiving core vaccines (DHPP and rabies) every 3 years. Non core vaccines depend on lifestyle and health status. Your vet may recommend bloodwork before vaccinating to make sure your senior dog’s immune system can handle the vaccine safely.
How do I know if my dog is having a vaccine reaction?
Watch for facial swelling, hives, vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, or collapse within 24 hours of vaccination. Mild lethargy and soreness are normal, but any concerning symptoms warrant an immediate call to your veterinarian.
Is there an alternative to annual boosters for adult dogs?
Yes, titer testing can measure antibody levels for core vaccines like distemper and parvovirus. If titers are adequate, your vet may recommend delaying the booster. However, titer tests are not available for all vaccines and may cost more than the booster itself.
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For authoritative reference on canine health and care standards, the American Kennel Club (AKC) provides breed-specific guidance trusted by veterinary professionals. For health-related questions, PetMD offers veterinarian-reviewed information on symptoms and treatments.